{"id":84316,"date":"2022-01-13T13:55:56","date_gmt":"2022-01-13T13:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/?p=84316"},"modified":"2022-01-14T07:07:37","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T07:07:37","slug":"uss-ronald-reagan-cvn-76","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/?p=84316","title":{"rendered":"USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0130yi de\u011filim, toparlayam\u0131yorum kendimi\u2026<br \/>\n\u00d6z\u00fcr dilerim.<\/p>\n<p>InanIN iyi de\u011filim, \u00d6NEMLI konular\u2026<br \/>\nKomplike\u2026<br \/>\nKafa olmal\u0131 yerinde!<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ISLAMI\u2026<br \/>\nY\u00fcce dinimizi Tayyip gibi orospu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenecek de\u011filiz. <strong>Bademleme<\/strong>\u2026<br \/>\nNereden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 bu \u015fimdi durup dururken deme, bu sabah evimin kad\u0131nLARI ile bir sohbette, valide, hanim ile\u2026<br \/>\nC\u00fcppeli\u2026<br \/>\n\u0130zlemi\u015fler bana soruyorlar, Peygamber Efendimiz\u2026<br \/>\nHz. Muhammed&#8217;in farkl\u0131 kaynaklarda ge\u00e7en de\u011fi\u015fik isimlere g\u00f6re 9 ile 19 aras\u0131nda (\u2026)<br \/>\n<strong>Neyse de\u011finmi\u015ftim bu konulara ama tekrar anlat\u0131r\u0131m farkl\u0131 bir \u0131\u015f\u0131kta. AK Pezevenklerin ampul\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Grizu-263A UNUTMA motoru falan<br \/>\nAlexander von Humboldt<br \/>\nIspanya &#8211; Almer\u00eda, PLASTIK<br \/>\nCloud-Seeding<br \/>\nAMerika da SU<br \/>\n7 numarali tutuklu<\/p>\n<p>Bu VERILERI, bu bilgileri NASIL bir araya getirmeli\u2026<br \/>\nTablonun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmeli\u2026<br \/>\nDaireLERI\u2026<br \/>\n&gt;&gt;&gt; Mant\u0131ksal kap\u0131LARI &lt;&lt;&lt;<br \/>\nU\u00e7ak gemisi VE Stirlingmotorunu&#8230;<br \/>\nKamikaze, KAMIKAZEEE&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/elektro.turanis.de\/html\/prj087\/gatter.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bekle\u2026<br \/>\n\u00d6nder s\u00f6z verdi bir kere\u2026<br \/>\n\u00c7eyrek, \u00e7eyrek\u2026<br \/>\n\u00c7ok\u2026<br \/>\nBerbat!<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa ba\u015fka, AMerika ba\u015fka\u2026<br \/>\nADI goril, adi\u2026<br \/>\nG\u00f6r daha ba\u015fa gelecekleri.<\/p>\n<p>Azerbaycan ya\u2026<br \/>\n180 milyon Euro meselesi.<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fruya do\u011fru, yalana YALAN\u2026<br \/>\n\u00d6nVer\u2026<br \/>\n&#8212; Artik SADECE \u201cgerekli halerde\u201d PCR testi &#8212;<br \/>\nTest bitmedi\u2026<br \/>\nPARA bitti!<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Macron\u2026<br \/>\nVe iddialar\u2026<br \/>\nCIA diyorum sadece. Kar\u0131s\u0131 \u201cbana nas\u0131l ula\u015fabiliyorlar?\u201d sorusu&#8230;<br \/>\nFransa\u2026<br \/>\nAZ MI ANLATTIM?<br \/>\nAMerikanin Avrupa\u2019daki en ciddi rakiplerinden biri\u2026<br \/>\nBir daha se\u00e7ilmesi engellenmeli!<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Tecr\u00fcbe!<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"tKHGNHvUSA\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/?p=54738\">&gt;&gt;&gt; Alamanya 09:25 \u00d6NCESI olmali, anca geldim dolar 8,0619 &lt;&lt;&lt;<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8222;&gt;&gt;&gt; Alamanya 09:25 \u00d6NCESI olmali, anca geldim dolar 8,0619 &lt;&lt;&lt;&#8220; &#8212; \u00d6nder G\u00fcrb\u00fcz\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/?p=54738&#038;embed=true#?secret=tKHGNHvUSA\" data-secret=\"tKHGNHvUSA\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Ulan \u00d6nVer iyi ki \u201c\u00f6vd\u00fcm\u201d seni VE Ak\u015fam gazetesi, KELIMELER ve \u00d6NEMLERI, anlamlar\u0131\u2026<br \/>\nKILIT KELIME, tan\u0131mlamada\u2026<br \/>\nUZUN VAADE, bir nevi \u201c<strong>kal\u0131c\u0131da<\/strong>\u201d diyebiliriz\u2026<br \/>\nENDEMI\u2026<br \/>\nEndemi anlam\u0131!<\/p>\n<p>Haniii\u2026<br \/>\nInfoDemi de\u011fil InfoEndemi<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recep Tayyip Kahpedo\u011fan \u201cA\u011f\u0131z ishali\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ba\u015fbakan \u00d6calan&#039;a Say\u0131n dedi\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"525\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/embed\/video\/xu6k9n?pubtool=oembed\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Bir cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na alaca\u011f\u0131 bir kelime mi?<br \/>\nDe\u011fil de\u011fil mi?<br \/>\nAncak \u00c7amurba\u015fkanlar\u0131, mahalle kar\u0131lar\u0131 kullan\u0131r b\u00f6yle laflar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tek tek&#8230;<br \/>\nAYLAR \u00d6NCE yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, tek tek\u2026<br \/>\nG\u00f6recek\u2026<br \/>\nYa\u015fayacaks\u0131n\u0131z BACAKLAR!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/www.gurbuz.net\/Yeni\/130122-201.JPG\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Azerbaycan\u2026<br \/>\nS\u0131ra\u2026<br \/>\nSana da gelecek, bu pezevenk ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan\u2026<br \/>\nHERKES\u2026<br \/>\nBedel \u00f6deyecek!<\/p>\n<p>Baraj, baraj\u2026<br \/>\nParayla de\u011fil s\u0131rayla\u2026<br \/>\nKIMLER ile dans etti\u011finizin bilincinde de\u011filsiniz!<\/p>\n<p><em><ins datetime=\"2022-01-13T14:13:31+00:00\"><strong>DIKKATINIZI \u00e7ekerim\u2026<br \/>\nBATI BASINI ate\u015f emrini duyurdu AMA genelleme yaparak SANKI halka kar\u015f\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi. Halbuki istihbarat ne diyor?<br \/>\nDINCILERE kar\u015f\u0131 ate\u015f emri\u2026<br \/>\nI\u015eID, I\u015eID\u2026<br \/>\nAfganistan \u00dcZERINDEN\u2026<br \/>\nArkadan!<\/strong><\/ins><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- BADEMLEME &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u00fcbyenciLER\u2026<br \/>\n\u00d6nder vakti geldi\u011finde AYRIYETTEN de\u011finecek bu konuya.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.akevler.org\/AkevlerMakaleler\/11263\/CokYor\/10153\/Mete-Firidin\/Talak-Suresi-4-Ayet-ve-Pedofili\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Genel bilgilendirme<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8222;IRZ<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636<br \/>\n\u0130nsan\u0131n m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015fili\u011fini, haysiyet, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden bir terim.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcellif:<br \/>\nHAYAT\u0130 H\u00d6KELEKL\u0130<br \/>\nS\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cki\u015finin bedeni, ruhu, \u00f6vg\u00fcye de\u011fer yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, soyu sopu\u201d gibi anlamlara gelen \u0131rz kelimesi (\u00e7o\u011fulu a\u2018r\u00e2z) \u00f6rfteki kullan\u0131m\u0131nda daha ziyade insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, \u00f6zellikle de onun dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan m\u00e2nev\u00ee, ahl\u00e2k\u00ee y\u00f6nleriyle ilgili m\u00e2nalar\u0131 ifade eder. Dil bilginlerinin, \u0131rz kelimesinin as\u0131l anlam\u0131 itibariyle beden (cesed), ruh (nefs) veya soy soptan (haseb, selef, \u00e2b\u00e2) hangisini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunu tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmekle birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bu hususta farkl\u0131 \u00f6rneklere ba\u015fvurmaktan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Hepsinin \u00fczerinde anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta ise \u0131rz\u0131n s\u00f6vme, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama ve tecav\u00fczden korunmak istenen bir insan\u00ee de\u011fer oldu\u011fudur (Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-\u02bfArab, \u201c\u02bf\u0131r\u017c\u201d md.). Nitekim \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer \u0131rz kelimesini, \u201cinsan\u0131n ister kendisine ister soyuna sopuna isterse sosyal \u00e7evresine y\u00f6nelik olsun \u00f6vg\u00fc ve yergiye konu olan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (en-Nih\u00e2ye, \u201c\u02bf\u0131r\u017c\u201d md.).<\/p>\n<p>Terim olarak \u0131rz insan\u0131 insan yapan, ona toplum i\u00e7inde \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131ran, bu sebeple de her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tecav\u00fcz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerini ifade etmektedir. Madd\u00ee ve m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015fili\u011fi itibariyle herkesin insan say\u0131lma ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmama konusundaki tabii temay\u00fcl\u00fc \u0131rz kavram\u0131n\u0131n psikolojik zeminini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sonucu olarak ferdin toplum i\u00e7indeki konumunu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan \u015feref, namus, izzet, itibar gibi kavramlar \u0131rz kavram\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu kavramlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ferdin kendisiyle ilgili ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerini de\u011fil e\u015f dost ve akraban\u0131n, hatta mensubu bulundu\u011fu kabile ve milletin m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015fili\u011fini de ilgilendirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Irz kelimesinin s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131nda soy sopun yer almas\u0131, ferdin ve mensubu oldu\u011fu sosyal \u00e7evrenin m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015fili\u011fi i\u00e7ine ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki atalara ait \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fclecek de\u011ferlerin de girdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bir kimsenin insan olarak kendisine sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131ran ve bu sebeple \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 konusu olan b\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerinin herhangi bir hakarete m\u00e2ruz kalmas\u0131 do\u011frudan do\u011fruya onun \u0131rz\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u201c\u0131rza tecav\u00fcz\u201d deyimi en geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla \u201cki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7i\u011fnenmesi\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0131rz daha ziyade \u201c\u015feref\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. G\u00fcce dayal\u0131 bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck fikrinin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu C\u00e2hiliye toplumunda cesaret, h\u00fcrriyet, kad\u0131n\u0131n iffeti, soyluluk, himaye, c\u00f6mertlik ve mesken dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ahl\u00e2k\u00ee temalar da bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck fikrinin birer yans\u0131mas\u0131yd\u0131 ve bundan dolay\u0131 \u0131rz kavram\u0131yla irtibatland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu (\u0130A, V\/2, s. 680). Bir ki\u015finin cesaretine, atalar\u0131na veya c\u00f6mertli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseme, iffetinden sorumlu oldu\u011fu bir kad\u0131na yahut \u015fahs\u00ee meskenine y\u00f6nelik bir tecav\u00fcz onun \u0131rz\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak nitelendirilirdi. B\u00f6yle bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya m\u00e2ruz kalma \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir utan\u00e7 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u0131rza tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn intikam\u0131 neredeyse cana kastetmenin intikam\u0131na e\u015fde\u011fer tutulurdu. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131rz\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve g\u00f6zetme de \u0131rzdan say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131 (Cev\u00e2d Ali, IV, 407-408, 573-574).<\/p>\n<p>Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de \u0131rz kelimesi ge\u00e7memekte, ancak insan\u0131n \u00f6teki yarat\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki \u00fcst\u00fcn ve \u015ferefli konumu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulanmaktad\u0131r (el-Bakara 2\/30; el-\u0130sr\u00e2 17\/70). Kur\u2019an\u2019a g\u00f6re insan olmak ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir de\u011ferdir. Hadislerde ise m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerini ifade etmek \u00fczere \u0131rz kelimesinin s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hz. Peygamber Ved\u00e2 hutbesinde m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kanlar\u0131, mallar\u0131 ve \u0131rzlar\u0131n\u0131n haram (dokunulmaz) k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde belirtmi\u015ftir (M\u00fcsned, I, 230; Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201c\u02bf\u0130lim\u201d, 9; M\u00fcslim, \u201c\u1e32as\u00e2me\u201d, 29, 30). Bu \u00fc\u00e7 haram\u0131n beraber zikredildi\u011fi ba\u015fka bir hadiste de ki\u015fiye k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck olarak m\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015fini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcp a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n yetece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir (M\u00fcslim, \u201cBirr\u201d, 32; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, \u201cEdeb\u201d, 35). Can, mal ve \u0131rz dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n birlikte an\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na, m\u00fclkiyete ve m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015fili\u011fe ili\u015fkin b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucu \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir hadiste ise \u015f\u00fcpheli \u015feylerden ka\u00e7\u0131nan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n dinini ve \u0131rz\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilirken (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201c\u00cem\u00e2n\u201d, 39; M\u00fcslim, \u201cM\u00fcs\u00e2\u1e33\u0101t\u201d, 107) insan\u0131n m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerini ifade eden \u0131rz\u0131n din gibi temel bir kavramla yan yana zikredilmesi ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Bu ifadeden, ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerinin din\u00ee de\u011ferler i\u00e7in hakiki zemini te\u015fkil etti\u011fini, sa\u011flam bir dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flam ve korunmu\u015f bir ki\u015filikte daha da m\u00fckemmel olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca bundan, m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015fili\u011fe sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n dinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ilgilendirdi\u011fi ve baz\u0131 \u015fekl\u00ee ihmallerden daha \u00f6nemli say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Res\u00fbl-i Ekrem, hac ibadetinin kurallar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla yerine getirmekte hata eden bir sah\u00e2b\u00eeye bunun fazla bir sak\u0131ncas\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, herhangi bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n \u0131rz\u0131na dil uzatman\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, \u201cMen\u00e2sik\u201d, 87).<\/p>\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da \u0131rza y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lar kul hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir kimsenin b\u00f6yle bir davran\u0131\u015fta bulunmas\u0131 durumunda t\u0131pk\u0131 mal\u0131na tecav\u00fcz eden kimse gibi ondan hel\u00e2llik dilemesi gerekmektedir (M\u00fcsned, II, 506; Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cMe\u1e93\u00e2lim\u201d, 10; Tirmiz\u00ee, \u201c\u1e62\u0131fat\u00fc\u2019l-\u1e33\u0131y\u00e2me\u201d, 2). Irza yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131ya me\u015fr\u00fb ve m\u00e2kul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermek ise ahl\u00e2k\u00ee bir \u00f6dev say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2 Hass\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit\u2019ten, baz\u0131 m\u00fc\u015friklerin Hz. Peygamber\u2019in \u201c\u0131rz\u201d\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hicivlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cbabas\u0131n\u0131, dedesini ve \u0131rz\u0131n\u0131\u201d siper edece\u011fini belirten bir \u015fiir rivayet edilmi\u015ftir (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cMe\u0121\u0101z\u00ee\u201d, 34; M\u00fcslim, \u201cFe\u017c\u00e2\u02beil\u00fc\u2019\u1e63-\u1e63a\u1e25\u00e2be\u201d, 157, \u201cTevbe\u201d, 57). \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer bu rivayette ge\u00e7en \u201c\u0131rz\u201d kelimesinin \u201cm\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015filik\u201d \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (en-Nih\u00e2ye, \u201c\u02bf\u0131r\u017c\u201d md.). Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, borcunu \u00f6deyecek g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu halde \u00f6demeyen kimsenin tutumu gibi bir hak ihl\u00e2li s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131k anlam\u0131ndaki \u0131rz\u0131n yara alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda haks\u0131zl\u0131k eden ki\u015finin \u0131rz\u0131 sorgulanmaya a\u00e7\u0131k hale gelmi\u015f demektir (M\u00fcsned, IV, 222, 388, 389; Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201c\u0130sti\u1e33r\u00e2\u017c\u201d, 13).<\/p>\n<p>Irz kelimesi zaman i\u00e7inde, korunmas\u0131 gereken m\u00e2nev\u00ee ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerinden yaln\u0131zca iffetle ve cins\u00ee hayatla ilgili olanlar\u0131na hasredilmi\u015f, \u201c\u0131rza tecav\u00fcz\u201d tabiri de \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk \u00f6rf\u00fcnde ve hukuk dilinde cinsel tecav\u00fcz\u00fc ifade eder olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u0131rz\u0131n korunmas\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda hem fertlerin temel hak ve sorumluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f hem de pozitif hukukun \u00f6nemli ilgi alanlar\u0131ndan birini te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunda zina ve zina iftiras\u0131 (kazf) su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen cezalar ve kad\u0131n-erkek ili\u015fkilerine getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar da esasen bu amaca y\u00f6nelik tedbirlerdir (bk. KAZF; Z\u0130NA).&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/irz<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;TAADD\u00ce<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064a<br \/>\nAllah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131 i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fmak anlam\u0131nda bir Kur\u2019an terimi.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcellif:<br \/>\n\u0130BRAH\u0130M \u00c7EL\u0130K<br \/>\nS\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201ch\u0131zl\u0131 ko\u015fmak, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fmak, tecav\u00fcz etmek\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki adv k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcreyen taadd\u00ee terim olarak, advin \u201chedefine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kesemeyen kimsenin daha ileri noktalara gitmesi\u201d m\u00e2nas\u0131ndan hareketle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc ve s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fmay\u0131, ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k yapmay\u0131, hakl\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyi, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na sald\u0131rmay\u0131 ifade eder. Darg\u0131nl\u0131k ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kin, nefret ve sil\u00e2hl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya vard\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ad\u00e2vet ve udv\u00e2n, bu tutum i\u00e7inde olana ad\u00fcv denir (R\u00e2g\u0131b el \u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee, el-M\u00fcfred\u00e2t, \u201c\u02bfadv\u201d md.; Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-\u02bfArab, \u201c\u02bfadv\u201d md.). Haddi a\u015fmak ve \u00f6zellikle Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131 i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 (hud\u00fbdullah) tecav\u00fcz etmek \u201cil\u00e2h\u00ee emirleri \u00e7i\u011fnemek\u201d m\u00e2nas\u0131na gelir. Taadd\u00eenin \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d anlam\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Kur\u2019an\u2019daki gul\u00fcv, isr\u00e2f, tu\u011fy\u00e2n ve zulm (bir \u015feyi yerli yerine koymamak, bir hakka tecav\u00fczde bulunmak) terimiyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de taadd\u00eenin ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten e\u015f anlaml\u0131s\u0131 olan i\u2018tid\u00e2 daha \u00e7ok ge\u00e7mektedir (M. F. Abd\u00fclb\u00e2k\u012b, el-Mu\u02bfcem, \u201c\u02bfadv\u201d md.). \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00e2yetlerde Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na riayet edilmesi, buyruk ve yasaklar\u0131na uyulmas\u0131 emredilip bu s\u0131n\u0131rlara yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaklan\u0131rken (el-Bakara 2\/187) bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 koruman\u0131n m\u00fcminlerin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi oldu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131r (et-Tevbe 9\/112). \u00d6te yandan insan ili\u015fkilerine ve \u00f6zellikle aile hukukuna dair yasaklar a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131ktan sonra, \u201c\u0130\u015fte bunlar Allah\u2019\u0131n koydu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlard\u0131r, onlar\u0131 a\u015fmay\u0131n. Art\u0131k kim Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farsa onlar zalimlerin ta kendileridir\u201d buyurularak (el-Bakara 2\/229) bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemenin zul\u00fcmle e\u015fde\u011fer oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir. Allah\u2019\u0131n belirledi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fanlar Kur\u2019an\u2019da mu\u2018ted\u00ee kelimesiyle ifade edilir. Allah haddi a\u015fanlar\u0131 sevmez (el-Bakara 2\/190; el-M\u00e2ide 5\/87); \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar ahidlerini her f\u0131rsatta bozarlar, m\u00fcminlere galip geldiklerinde bir yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve anla\u015fma g\u00f6zetmezler, ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc ve bozguncudurlar; Allah\u2019\u0131n \u00e2yetlerini az bir paha kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131p insanlar\u0131 do\u011fru yoldan sapt\u0131r\u0131rlar (et-Tevbe 9\/7-10); hesap g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc yalan sayanlar da onlard\u0131r (el-Mutaffif\u00een 83\/12). Haddi a\u015fanlar kendi arzular\u0131na \u015fuursuzca uyarlar; fakat Allah haddi a\u015fanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fi gibi (el-En\u2018\u00e2m 6\/119) onlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli kalacaklar\u0131, elem verici bir azab\u0131n bulundu\u011fu cehenneme koyacakt\u0131r (en-Nis\u00e2 4\/14). Taadd\u00ee ile ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelen kelimeler hadislerde de \u201chaddi a\u015fmak, zulmetmek, sald\u0131rmak\u201d anlam\u0131nda ge\u00e7er (Wensinck, el-Mu\u02bfcem, \u201c\u02bfadv\u201d md.). Haddi a\u015fma baz\u0131 ibadet \u015fekilleri i\u00e7in de s\u00f6z konusudur. Hz. Peygamber dua ederken ses tonunu y\u00fckseltme, peygamber olmay\u0131 arzulama, k\u00e2fir olarak \u00f6len birinin cennete girmesini isteme gibi s\u00fcnnetullaha ayk\u0131r\u0131 taleplerde bulunman\u0131n (M\u00fcsned, I, 172, 183; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, \u201cDu\u02bf\u00e2\u02be\u201d, 12), yine abdest al\u0131rken gere\u011finden \u00e7ok titizlik g\u00f6stererek organlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7ten fazla y\u0131kaman\u0131n (Nes\u00e2\u00ee, \u201c\u1e6cah\u00e2ret\u201d, 104) haddi a\u015fma say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 insano\u011flunun bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyup s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in uyulmas\u0131 gereken kurallar koymu\u015f, a\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 gereken s\u0131n\u0131rlar belirlemi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edilmesi haddi a\u015fmakt\u0131r. Bu tutum \u0131srarla devam ettirilirse istekler ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler de\u011fi\u015fir, insan\u0131n f\u0131trat\u0131 bozulur ve sonunda insan\u0131 insanl\u0131k \u00e7izgisinde tutan de\u011fer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri alt-\u00fcst olur. \u0130sr\u00e2ilo\u011fullar\u0131 il\u00e2h\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p cumartesi yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnedikleri, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcp peygamberlerini bile \u00f6ld\u00fcrecek boyutlara vard\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in il\u00e2h\u00ee l\u00e2nete ve gazaba u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (el-Bakara 2\/65; Taber\u00ee, II, 167-173; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, I, 150-152; Elmal\u0131l\u0131, I, 378). \u0130sl\u00e2miyet, Allah\u2019\u0131n emir ve yasaklar\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l etmenin b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumu etkileyecek olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in emir bi\u2019l-ma\u2018r\u00fbf nehiy ani\u2019l-m\u00fcnker prensibi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bireylere sorumluluk y\u00fcklemektedir. Hz. Peygamber, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n koydu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 g\u00f6zeten ve g\u00f6zetmeyen kimseleri ayn\u0131 gemide yolculuk yapanlara benzeterek alt kattakilerin su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in gemiyi delme isteklerine \u00fcst kattakilerin engel olmamas\u0131 halinde hepsinin bataca\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201c\u015eeriket\u201d, 6) ve hud\u00fbdullaha riayetin toplumsal boyutuna dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2m dini sava\u015fta da haddi a\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hicretten evvel on k\u00fcsur y\u0131l boyunca m\u00fc\u015friklerin i\u015fkencelerini, onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zlerini ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sab\u0131rla kar\u015f\u0131layan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara daha sonra sava\u015f izni veren \u00e2yetlerde haddi a\u015fmamalar\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlenmi\u015f (el-Bakara 2\/190-194), bir toplulu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 beslenen \u00f6fkenin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gitmeye sebep olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir (el-M\u00e2ide 5\/2). M\u00fcfessirler bu \u00e2yetlerde ge\u00e7en i\u2018tid\u00e2 kelimesini sava\u015f ortam\u0131nda bile g\u00f6zetilmesi gereken yasaklar\u0131n \u00e7i\u011fnenmesi diye a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar i\u015fkence yapmak, kulak ve burun gibi organlar\u0131 kesmek, kad\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmayan ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131, rahipleri, hahamlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek, gereksiz yere a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kesmek, beslenme ihtiyac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hayvanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek vb. davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (Taber\u00ee, III, 562-564; Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee, V, 128; Muhammed b. Ahmed el-Kurtub\u00ee, III, 239-241). Hz. Peygamber ve ard\u0131ndan gelen Hulef\u00e2-yi R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een ordular\u0131 u\u011furlarken insanl\u0131\u011fa yak\u0131\u015fmayan bu t\u00fcr hareketlerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015ftir (M\u00fcsned, I, 300; II, 524; Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cCih\u00e2d\u201d, 147, 148; M\u00fcslim, \u201cCih\u00e2d\u201d, 3, 24-25, 137). \u0130sl\u00e2m her \u015feyde orta yolu \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleyen, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gitmeyi yasaklayan, beden ve ruhla uyum i\u00e7inde insan\u0131 insanl\u0131k onuruna yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r d\u00fczeye ula\u015ft\u0131ran bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve denge dinidir (el-\u0130sr\u00e2 17\/29, 110; el-Furk\u0101n 25\/67). \u0130sl\u00e2miyet yemede ve i\u00e7mede a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gitmeyi yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Allah\u2019\u0131n hel\u00e2l k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 temiz r\u0131z\u0131klar\u0131, me\u015fr\u00fb lezzetleri din ad\u0131na kendine haram k\u0131lmay\u0131 (el-M\u00e2ide 5\/87; el-En\u2018\u00e2m 6\/119), Allah ve resul\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ibadetleri az\u0131msay\u0131p yeni ibadet \u015fekilleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 da yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/taaddi<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;KUL HAKKI<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcellif:<br \/>\nMUSTAFA \u00c7A\u011eRICI<br \/>\n\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklarda, insanlar\u0131n gere\u011fini yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 haklar \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n haklar\u0131\u201d (huk\u016bkullah) ve \u201ckullar\u0131n haklar\u0131\u201d (huk\u016bk-\u0131 ib\u00e2d) \u015feklinde ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131 kaynaklarda bunlara bir de hem Allah hakk\u0131 hem kul hakk\u0131 say\u0131lan haklar eklenmi\u015ftir. Huk\u016bkullaha riayet \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n emrine sayg\u0131\u201d (et-ta\u2018z\u00eem li-emrill\u00e2h), huk\u016bk-\u0131 ib\u00e2da riayet ise \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n yaratt\u0131klar\u0131na \u015fefkat\u201d (e\u015f-\u015fefekat\u00fc al\u00e2 halk\u0131ll\u00e2h) deyimleriyle ifade edilir. Allah\u2019\u0131n emrine sayg\u0131, O\u2019nun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve birli\u011fine iman edip h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun \u015fekilde ya\u015famakla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Kul haklar\u0131 ise genellikle insanlar\u0131n canlar\u0131, bedenleri, \u0131rz ve namuslar\u0131, m\u00e2nev\u00ee \u015fahsiyetleri, makam ve mevkileri, din\u00ee inan\u00e7 ve ya\u015fay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 gibi konulardaki ki\u015filik haklar\u0131yla mallar\u0131na ve aile fertlerine ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmakta ve bunlara y\u00f6nelik olarak yap\u0131lan k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler, verilen zararlar kul haklar\u0131na tecav\u00fcz say\u0131lmakta, bu tecav\u00fcz de \u201cmazlime\u201d ve bunun \u00e7o\u011fulu olan \u201cmez\u00e2lim\u201d kelimeleriyle ifade edilmektedir. Belli bir ki\u015fiye verilen zararlar yan\u0131nda zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, karaborsac\u0131l\u0131k, fitne, idar\u00ee bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcm gibi ammenin madd\u00ee ve m\u00e2nev\u00ee haklar\u0131na ve menfaatlerine, huzur, g\u00fcvenlik ve refah\u0131na zarar verme sonucunu do\u011furan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyet de \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e2yet ve hadislerle di\u011fer \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklarda kul hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz say\u0131l\u0131p yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan kul haklar\u0131na dair h\u00fck\u00fcmler ayn\u0131 zamanda Allah\u2019\u0131n koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmler oldu\u011fundan bunlar da geni\u015f anlamda huk\u016bkullah i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bu haklar\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi Allah\u2019\u0131n emrine sayg\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (mesel\u00e2 bk. \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Arab\u00ee, I, 148; \u015e\u00e2t\u0131b\u00ee, II, 315 vd.).<\/p>\n<p>Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de huk\u016bkullah tabiri ge\u00e7memekle birlikte bir\u00e7ok \u00e2yette hak (mesel\u00e2 bk. el-\u0130sr\u00e2 17\/26; er-R\u00fbm 30\/38; ez-Z\u00e2riy\u00e2t 51\/19), adalet (el-Bakara 2\/282; en-Nis\u00e2 4\/58; el-En\u2018\u00e2m 6\/152), k\u0131st (en-Nis\u00e2 4\/127, 135; el-M\u00e2ide 5\/8, 42; H\u00fbd 11\/85) ve zul\u00fcm (el-Bakara 2\/279; en-Nis\u00e2 4\/10, 30; el-Hac 22\/39) gibi kavramlar kul haklar\u0131yla ilgili olarak da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok \u00e2yette insanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi istenmi\u015f, bu haklara sald\u0131r\u0131 mahiyetindeki tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lgili \u00e2yetleri dikkate alarak Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de kul haklar\u0131n\u0131 biri insanlar\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu madd\u00ee ve m\u00e2nev\u00ee haklara tecav\u00fcz etmek, zarar vermek, di\u011feri din\u00ee, ahl\u00e2k\u00ee ve hukuk\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin onlara verilmesini gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyleri vermemek \u015feklinde iki k\u0131sma ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bir kimsenin, her ne \u015fekilde olursa olsun kendisine ait olmayan bir \u015feyi haks\u0131z yoldan elde etmeye kalk\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kul hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fczd\u00fcr. Nitekim insanlar\u0131n h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve tart\u0131da hile yapma, emanete h\u0131yanet, kumar, tefecilik, zimmet, irtik\u00e2p vb. gayri me\u015fr\u00fb yollarla birbirlerinin mallar\u0131n\u0131 yemeleri (mesel\u00e2 bk. el-Bakara 2\/188; \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/161; en-Nis\u00e2 4\/29-30, 161; et-Tevbe 9\/34; el-\u0130sr\u00e2 17\/34-35); canlar\u0131na k\u0131ymalar\u0131 (el-Bakara 2\/84-85; en-Nis\u00e2 4\/92-93; el-M\u00e2ide 5\/32); iftira, alay, arkadan \u00e7eki\u015ftirme, k\u00f6t\u00fc lakap takma, suizan, kusur arama, g\u0131ybet gibi tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flarla ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00e2nev\u00ee \u015fahsiyetlerine zarar vermeleri (en-Nis\u00e2 4\/112; el-Hucur\u00e2t 49\/11-12; el-Kalem 68\/11; el-H\u00fcmeze 104\/1); inan\u00e7lar\u0131, din\u00ee tercih ve ya\u015fay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 kurmalar\u0131 (el-Bakara 2\/114, 174; el-A\u2018r\u00e2f 7\/86); onlar\u0131 yurtlar\u0131ndan yuvalar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 (el-Bakara 2\/84-85) Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk k\u0131sma giren kul haklar\u0131 ihl\u00e2linin \u00f6rnekleridir. Bunun yan\u0131nda Kur\u2019an zenginlerin mallar\u0131nda yoksullar\u0131n da haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu belirtmekte (ez-Z\u00e2riy\u00e2t 51\/19; el-Me\u00e2ric 70\/24-25), pek \u00e7ok \u00e2yette zek\u00e2t ve zek\u00e2t d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki mal\u00ee yard\u0131mla\u015fma emredilmekte (mesel\u00e2 bk. et-Tevbe 9\/34-35; el-Fecr 89\/17-20; el-M\u00e2\u00fbn 107\/2-3, 7), cimrilik ele\u015ftirilmektedir (mesel\u00e2 bk. \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/180; en-Nis\u00e2 4\/37; el-Leyl 92\/8). Kul haklar\u0131yla ilgili bu genel buyruk ve yasaklar yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00e2yette \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar, akrabalar, kom\u015fular, \u00e7ocuklar, ana babalar, yetimler, yolcular, sakatlar ve umumiyetle haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumaktan \u00e2ciz olanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde de durulmu\u015ftur (mesel\u00e2 bk. el-Bakara 2\/83, 231-232, 241; en-Nis\u00e2 4\/2, 4, 6, 10, 19-21, 24-25, 34, 36; el-A\u2018r\u00e2f 7\/141; el-\u0130sr\u00e2 17\/23-27, 34; Abese 80\/1-10; et-Tekv\u00eer 81\/8-9).<\/p>\n<p>Kur\u2019an\u2019daki hak, adalet, k\u0131st, zul\u00fcm gibi kavramlar hadislerde de s\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7mektedir. Ayr\u0131ca hadislerde mazlime ve mez\u00e2lim kelimeleri de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, son kelime hadis, ahl\u00e2k ve hukuk literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde bir terim haline gelmi\u015ftir. Kul haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l mahiyetindeki tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hem toplu olarak hem tek tek veya grup halinde zikrederek yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, d\u00fcnya ve \u00e2hirette do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 zararlar\u0131 anlatan pek \u00e7ok hadis vard\u0131r. Hadis mecmualar\u0131n\u0131n hemen her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kul haklar\u0131yla ilgili rivayetler yer almakla birlikte \u00f6zellikle \u201cmez\u00e2lim, ahk\u00e2m, hud\u00fbd, edeb veya \u00e2d\u00e2b, isti\u2019z\u00e2n, et\u2018ime, im\u00e2re, birr, b\u00fcy\u00fb\u2018, tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, tevbe, h\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019l-hulk, hus\u00fbm\u00e2t, diy\u00e2t, rik\u0101k, zek\u00e2t, z\u00fchd, fiten, nik\u00e2h\u201d gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde kul haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin hadisler geni\u015f yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan kul haklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilke mahiyetinde olan baz\u0131 hadislere g\u00f6re m\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n karde\u015fidir; ona yalan s\u00f6ylemez, ihanet etmez, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmaz, onu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamaz, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck edebilecek birinin eline b\u0131rakmaz (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cMe\u1e93\u00e2lim\u201d, 3; M\u00fcslim, \u201cBirr\u201d, 32, 58; Tirmiz\u00ee, \u201cBirr\u201d, 18). Hi\u00e7 kimse kendisi i\u00e7in be\u011fenip istedi\u011fini din karde\u015fi, kom\u015fusu i\u00e7in de istemedik\u00e7e, kom\u015fusu onun k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden emin olmad\u0131k\u00e7a olgun bir m\u00fcmin olamaz (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201c\u00cem\u00e2n\u201d, 7; \u201cEdeb\u201d, 29; M\u00fcslim, \u201c\u00cem\u00e2n\u201d, 71-73). Allah\u2019a ve \u00e2hiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne inanan kimse kom\u015fusuna eziyet edemez (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cEdeb\u201d, 31, 85; M\u00fcslim, \u201c\u00cem\u00e2n\u201d, 74, 75). \u0130nsanlara merhamet etmeyene Allah da merhamet etmez (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cEdeb\u201d, 18; M\u00fcslim, \u201cFe\u017c\u00e2\u02beil\u201d, 66). M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kanlar\u0131, mallar\u0131, namuslar\u0131 ve \u015ferefleri kendi aralar\u0131nda kutsal Mekke kadar, hac aylar\u0131 ve g\u00fcnleri kadar sayg\u0131nd\u0131r, dokunulmazd\u0131r (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201c\u1e24ac\u201d, 132; M\u00fcslim, \u201c\u1e32as\u00e2me\u201d, 29). M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, elinden ve dilinden ba\u015fka m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi kimsedir (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201c\u00cem\u00e2n\u201d, 4-5; M\u00fcslim, \u201c\u00cem\u00e2n\u201d, 64-65). Kul haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l eden kimseyi \u201cm\u00fcflis\u201d olarak niteleyen Hz. Peygamber bunu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Bu ki\u015fi \u00e2hirette namaz, oru\u00e7, zek\u00e2t gibi ibadetlerini yerine getirmi\u015f olarak Allah\u2019\u0131n huzuruna gelir. Bununla beraber \u00f6yle g\u00fcnahlarla gelir ki kimilerine s\u00f6v\u00fcp saym\u0131\u015f, kiminin kan\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131tm\u0131\u015f, kiminin mal\u0131n\u0131 yemi\u015f, kimine iftira etmi\u015ftir. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda onun ibadetlerinden elde etti\u011fi sevaplardan al\u0131n\u0131p hak sahiplerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer ibadetleri ve iyilikleri bu haklar\u0131 \u00f6demeye yetmezse hak sahiplerinin g\u00fcnahlar\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131p hak yiyenin g\u00fcnahlar\u0131na eklenir. B\u00f6ylece sevaplar\u0131 elinden gitmi\u015f, g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 ise daha da artm\u0131\u015f, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fcflis durumuna d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan bu ki\u015fi cehenneme at\u0131l\u0131r (M\u00fcslim, \u201cBirr\u201d, 59; ayr\u0131ca bk. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cMe\u1e93\u00e2lim\u201d, 10).<\/p>\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e2yet ve hadislere dayanarak tesbit ettikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n (keb\u00e2ir) \u00e7o\u011fu kul haklar\u0131yla ilgilidir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, h\u0131yanet, zimmet ve irtik\u00e2p, ana babaya k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck etme, akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkilerini kesme, yalanc\u0131 \u015fahitlik, hakl\u0131y\u0131 haks\u0131z, haks\u0131z\u0131 hakl\u0131 g\u00f6sterme amac\u0131yla yalan yere yemin etme, m\u00e2sum insanlara iftira etme, yetim mal\u0131 yeme, tefecilik yapma, halk \u00fczerinde zul\u00fcm ve bask\u0131 kurma, eziyet ve i\u015fkence etme gibi hak ihl\u00e2lleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r (Zeheb\u00ee, s. 40-181).<\/p>\n<p>Bir hadiste Allah\u2019\u0131n huzurunda hesab\u0131 sorulacak olan g\u00fcnahlar affedilebilecek olanlar, affedilemeyecek olanlar ve affedilmesi \u015farta ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar \u015feklinde \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birincisinin kulun Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnahlar, ikincisinin ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131k, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de kul haklar\u0131ndan do\u011fan g\u00fcnahlar oldu\u011fu bildirilmi\u015f (M\u00fcsned, VI, 240), ba\u015fka bir hadiste de \u00fczerinde kul hakk\u0131 bulunan kimsenin hi\u00e7bir madd\u00ee bedelin ge\u00e7erli olmayaca\u011f\u0131 k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcnden \u00f6nce hak sahibiyle hel\u00e2lle\u015fmesi istenmi\u015ftir (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cMe\u1e93\u00e2lim\u201d, 10; \u201cRi\u1e33\u0101\u1e33\u201d, 48). \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limleri, bu t\u00fcr hadislere dayanarak Allah kat\u0131nda kul haklar\u0131yla ilgili t\u00f6vbelerin kabul edilip g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanabilmesi i\u00e7in bu haklar\u0131n sahiplerine \u00f6denmesi veya onlar\u0131n r\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirmi\u015flerdir (bk. T\u00d6VBE).<\/p>\n<p>Ahl\u00e2k kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n genel olarak fazilet ve rez\u00eeletlere, \u00f6zellikle de adalet ve zul\u00fcm, dostluk ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k, c\u00f6mertlik ve cimrilik, hilim ve gazap, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve yalanc\u0131l\u0131k, emanet ve h\u0131yanet, ahde vefa, tevazu ve kibir gibi be\u015fer\u00ee ili\u015fkilere dair b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kul haklar\u0131yla ilgili konular\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde, kul haklar\u0131n\u0131n gerek tasnifi gerekse mahiyet ve muhtevalar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin \u0130\u1e25y\u00e2\u02be\u00fc \u02bful\u00fbmi\u2019d-d\u00een adl\u0131 eserinin \u201c\u00c7e\u015fitli insan gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fclfet, karde\u015flik, dostluk ve mua\u015feretin \u00e2d\u00e2b\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn (II, 157-221) \u00f6zel bir yeri vard\u0131r (ayr\u0131ca bk. HAK; \u0130NSAN HAKLARI).&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kul-hakki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130yi de\u011filim, toparlayam\u0131yorum kendimi\u2026 \u00d6z\u00fcr dilerim. InanIN iyi de\u011filim, \u00d6NEMLI konular\u2026 Komplike\u2026 Kafa olmal\u0131 yerinde! ISLAMI\u2026 Y\u00fcce dinimizi Tayyip gibi orospu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenecek de\u011filiz. Bademleme\u2026 Nereden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 bu \u015fimdi durup dururken deme, bu sabah evimin kad\u0131nLARI ile bir sohbette, valide, hanim ile\u2026 C\u00fcppeli\u2026 \u0130zlemi\u015fler bana soruyorlar, Peygamber Efendimiz\u2026 Hz. Muhammed&#8217;in farkl\u0131 kaynaklarda ge\u00e7en de\u011fi\u015fik isimlere &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/?p=84316\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201eUSS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76)\u201c<\/span> weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84316"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=84316"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":84375,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84316\/revisions\/84375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=84316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=84316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.gurbuz.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=84316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}