Dilin\u2026
\nPara birimin\u2026
\nMimarin\u2026
\nNe bileyim \u00f6rf ve adetlerin\u2026
\nK\u0131yafetin\u2026
\nDinin, t\u00fcm bunlar ezelden beri seni sen eden\u2026
\nFakt\u00f6rler. \u0130zle videoyu\u2026
\nDikkat et minarelere, bu minareler\u2026
\nSen de\u011filsin\u2026
\nAtalar\u0131n de\u011fil\u2026
\nT\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn minaresi kalem misali\u2026
\nTemelinde yatan tevazu atalardan gelme.<\/p>\n
Ama\u2026
\nKorkar\u0131m anlamayacaks\u0131n beni\u2026
\nSen git Tayyip pe\u015fine.<\/p>\n
„M\u0130NARE
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131k veya ate\u015f \u00e7\u0131kan \/ g\u00f6r\u00fcnen yer\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki Arap\u00e7a men\u00e2reden gelmektedir; baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ayn\u0131 anlamda mi\u2019zene de (ezan okunan yer) kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Minarelerin k\u00f6keninin Orta Asya ve \u0130ran\u2019daki i\u015faret ve haberle\u015fme (ate\u015f) kulelerine, Suriye\u2019deki g\u00f6zetleme ve \u00e7an kulelerine, Akdeniz \u00fclkelerindeki deniz fenerlerine veya do\u011fudaki Hint zafer \u00e2bidelerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. Peygamber d\u00f6neminde Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee\u2019nin k\u0131ble taraf\u0131nda Bil\u00e2l-i Habe\u015f\u00ee\u2019nin ezan okumak i\u00e7in \u00fczerine iple t\u0131rmanarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u00fcst\u00fcv\u00e2ne\u201d (silindir) denilen \u00f6zel bir yer bulunmaktayd\u0131. Minarenin ilk \u015fekli olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek bu yerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mescidin \u00e7evresindeki baz\u0131 y\u00fcksek yerler kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Camiye ilk minareyi ekleyen ki\u015fi Emev\u00ee Halifesi I. Mu\u00e2viye\u2019nin M\u0131s\u0131r valisi Mesleme b. Muhalled\u2019dir. Mesleme, M\u0131s\u0131r f\u00e2tihi Amr b. \u00c2s\u2019\u0131n Fustat\u2019ta yapt\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, fakat bitiremedi\u011fi Amr b. \u00c2s Camii\u2019ni tamamlat\u0131rken binan\u0131n k\u00f6\u015felerine birer minare koydurmu\u015ftur (53\/673). \u0130lk zamanlarda \u00f6zel bir mimari forma sokulmadan yap\u0131lan minareler, de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lge ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde birbirinden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde genellikle ta\u015f, tu\u011fla ve ah\u015faptan in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Mesel\u00e2 \u0130spanya ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ta\u015f, Kuzey Afrika\u2019da tu\u011fla, Arabistan, Suriye ve Anadolu\u2019da ta\u015f ve tu\u011fla, Irak, \u0130ran ve Afganistan\u2019da tu\u011fla, Hindistan\u2019da ta\u015f ve tu\u011fla gibi malzemelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Genellikle g\u00f6vdeleri yuvarlak veya d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fe, sade yahut bezemeli olan minareler \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fusunda ve bat\u0131s\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuzey Afrika ve End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019ten Suriye\u2019ye kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgedeki minareler, birka\u00e7 katl\u0131 yap\u0131lan ve kat aralar\u0131 korni\u015flerle belirtilip i\u00e7 mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 pencerelerle ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lan d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fe kuleler bi\u00e7imindedir; do\u011fudakiler ise daha \u00e7ok yuvarlak ve ince g\u00f6vdelidir. Zamanla din\u00ee mimarinin en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biri haline gelen minare klasik Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde (XVI-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llar) en olgun seviyesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ana hatlar\u0131yla bir minare k\u00fcrs\u00fc, pabu\u00e7, g\u00f6vde, \u015ferefe, petek, k\u00fcl\u00e2h ve alem b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden meydana gelir. K\u00fcrs\u00fc minarenin toprak \u00fcst\u00fcndeki taban\u0131d\u0131r ve camiye biti\u015fik yahut ayr\u0131, k\u00fcbik, silindirik ve \u00e7okgen prizma \u015feklinde olabilir; kap\u0131 genellikle buradan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Pabu\u00e7 k\u00fcrs\u00fcyle g\u00f6vde, g\u00f6vde pabu\u00e7la \u015ferefe aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm, \u015ferefe ise m\u00fcezzinin minare etraf\u0131nda dola\u015farak ezan okumak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 balkondur. Ad\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 yer, bur\u00e7\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki \u201c\u015f\u00fcrfe\u201d kelimesinden gelen \u015ferefenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fcnen taban, taban\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7\u0131kmalar ve kenarlar\u0131ndaki korkuluklard\u0131r. Yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemin mimari \u00f6zelliklerini yans\u0131tmalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan \u015ferefeler minare \u00fczerinde birka\u00e7 adet olabilmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 gelene\u011finde birden fazla minare ve \u015ferefe sadece h\u00e2nedan mensuplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan sel\u00e2tin camilerine mahsustu. G\u00f6vdenin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki konik \u00e7at\u0131y\u0131 (k\u00fcl\u00e2h) ta\u015f\u0131yan petek b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131ble y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u015ferefeye a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019da genellikle ah\u015fap iskeletli ve kur\u015fun kaplamal\u0131 olan k\u00fcl\u00e2hlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinden etkilenilerek ge\u00e7 devirlerde ta\u015ftan ve de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Minarenin en \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan alem daha \u00e7ok Osmanl\u0131 minarelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve g\u00f6vdenin zarif bi\u00e7imde sona ermesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Camilerin en karakteristik unsurunu te\u015fkil eden minarelere bazan medrese, t\u00fcrbe ve hankahlarda da rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Genel konum ve bi\u00e7imler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k arzeden \u00f6rnekler aras\u0131nda yaln\u0131z g\u00f6vdeden ibaret \u015ferefesiz minareler (Mimar Sinan Mescidi), yap\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na cumba \u015feklinde as\u0131lanlar (\u0130stanbul Timurta\u015f Mescidi), bir \u00e7e\u015fme ya da \u015fad\u0131rvan \u00fczerine oturtulmu\u015f cumba \u015feklinde olanlar (Bursa Timurta\u015f Pa\u015fa Camii), \u00f6zellikle Kayseri-Nev\u015fehir b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve do\u011frudan yap\u0131ya veya avlu duvar\u0131n\u0131n bir cephesine biti\u015fik bir merdivenle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan bir \u015ferefeden ibaret k\u00f6\u015fk tipi minareler bulunmaktad\u0131r.“<\/p>\n