![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.gurbuz.net\/Turk\/110618.PNG\")
<\/p>\n\u0130yiyim dedim ya\u2026
\nBir saat kadar sonra d\u00fcz duvarlar\u0131 t\u0131rmanas\u0131m geldi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u2026
\nEvlat geldi, geri yollad\u0131m. Hani evrak, hukuk g\u00f6z\u00fcyle okumak. \u00c7ocu\u011fu geri yollad\u0131m\u2026
\nTarifsiz ac\u0131 ve halsizlik, inan bilmiyorum ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 kesici, uyu\u015fturucu\u2026
\nAz\u0131c\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131m. Yar\u0131m saat oldu olmad\u0131\u2026
\nPi\u015fman\u0131m ke\u015fke \u00e7ocu\u011fu yollamasayd\u0131m, herif gecede kalam\u0131yor. Mecburen ikimiz olaca\u011f\u0131z ki soray\u0131m, sorgulayay\u0131m heriflere ADAM gibi cevap versin.<\/p>\n
Anlatt\u0131klar\u0131ndan keyfi hareket ettiklerini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorum\u2026
\nKeyfiyet ba\u015fka takdir hakki ba\u015fka, hukuken de!
\nNOKTA<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda elinize tamamen olmu\u015f bir belge verecektim, niyet buydu\u2026
\nAma sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m sadece \u00f6\u011fret diye emir verdi\u2026
\nYar\u0131na yokum, IMTIHAN bu ya\u015fta, bu kafa ve a\u011fr\u0131larla(!)<\/p>\n
Dil bilgisi, kelimeler ve kelimelerin anlam\u0131\u2026
\nDile hakimiyet, mutlak hakimiyet\u2026
\nBitmedi tabii, hala sadece bir taslak!<\/p>\n
Tesad\u00fcf\u2026
\nHerhangi bir mant\u0131k yok, algoritma yok, matematik yok, yok, yok, yok\u2026
\nVe mant\u0131\u011fa ters, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lageldik uygulamalara tamamen ters. Anlataca\u011f\u0131m, \u00f6\u011fretece\u011fim!<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Bakin Say\u0131n Prof. Dr. Tuncer G\u00fclensoy ne diyor ne anlat\u0131yor: <\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrk Dili Tarihine K\u0131sa Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkoloji, \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fck bilimi\u201d demektir. Bu bilim dal\u0131 i\u00e7ine \u201cT\u00fcrk dili, edebiyat\u0131, folkloru (halk bilimi): Karag\u00f6z\u00fc, orta oyunu, halk oyunlar\u0131 notasyonu, halk edebiyat\u0131, etnografyas\u0131, tarihi, sanat tarihi, g\u00fczel sanatlar\u0131: resmi, minyat\u00fcr\u00fc, nak\u0131\u015f\u0131, musikisi\u201d girer. Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapan bilim adamlar\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara \u201cT\u00fcrkolog\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. Bu m\u00fccadele hesap sorulana kadar s\u00fcrecek!!! \u0130yiyim dedim ya\u2026 Bir saat kadar sonra d\u00fcz duvarlar\u0131 t\u0131rmanas\u0131m geldi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u2026 Evlat geldi, geri yollad\u0131m. Hani evrak, hukuk g\u00f6z\u00fcyle okumak. \u00c7ocu\u011fu geri yollad\u0131m\u2026 Tarifsiz ac\u0131 ve halsizlik, inan bilmiyorum ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 kesici, uyu\u015fturucu\u2026 Az\u0131c\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131m. Yar\u0131m saat oldu olmad\u0131\u2026 Pi\u015fman\u0131m ke\u015fke \u00e7ocu\u011fu yollamasayd\u0131m, herif gecede kalam\u0131yor. Mecburen ikimiz olaca\u011f\u0131z ki soray\u0131m, sorgulayay\u0131m heriflere ADAM … <\/p>\n
\nT\u00fcrkolojiyi destekleyen en yak\u0131n bilim dallar\u0131 \u201cAltayistik\u201d ve \u201cMongolistik\u201dtir.
\nAltayistik, Ural Altay Dil Ailesi i\u00e7inde \u201cAltay kolu\u201dna ba\u011fl\u0131 dillerden T\u00fcrk\u00e7eMo\u011folcaMan\u00e7u\/Tungus\u00e7aKoreceJaponcay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p inceleyen bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan T\u00fcrkolog ya da Mongoliste, ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u201cAltayist\u201d ad\u0131 verilir.1
\nAltayistlikle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.2 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 El Kitab\u0131\u201dnda, Prof. Dr. Ahmet Temir taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan \u201cUralAltay ve Altay Dilleri\u201d ana ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve \u201cUralAltay Dilleri Teorisi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131 ile Tal\u00e2t Tekin\u2019in \u201cAltay Dilleri Teorisi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131, bu konuda kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ilk bilimsel yaz\u0131lard\u0131r.
\nAvrupa, Rusya ve ABD\u2019de Pentti Aalto, Denis Sinor, S. M. Shirokogoroff, B. Collinder, M. R\u00e2s\u00e2nen, G. J. Ramstedt, J. Nemeth, Z. Gombocz, Wl. Kotvicz, B. Ya. Vladimirtsov, N. Poppe,3 J. C. Street, N. A. Baskakov, V. M. \u0130lli\u00e7Sviti\u00e7, G. D. Sanjeyev, B. A. Serebnennikov, M. A. \u015e\u00e7erbak, L. Ligeti, J. Benzing, Sir Gerard Clauson, Gerhard Doerfer gibi bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ile konu devaml\u0131 g\u00fcndemde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nTal\u00e2t Tekin\u2019in dah \u00e7ok Nikolaus Poppe\u2019den yararlanarak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAltay Dilleri Teorisi\u201d adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm, konu ile ilgili bol \u00f6rnek vermektedir. \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 El Kitab\u0131\u201dn\u0131n 1992 tarihinde bas\u0131lan ikinci cildindeki \u201cAltay Dilleri Teorisi\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, bu defa Osman Nedim Tuna taraf\u0131ndan daha de\u011fi\u015fik bir metod ve farkl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle yorumlanarak kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elli iki sayfal\u0131k bu hacimli makalede:
\n\u2981 Altay dillerinin konu\u015fuldu\u011fu yerler,
\n\u2981 Baz\u0131 rakam ve istatistikler,
\n\u2981 Alday dilleri teorisi,
\n1. T\u00fcrk dili,
\n2. Mo\u011fol dili,
\n3. Kore dili,
\n4. Japon dili,
\nAltay dilinin kurulu\u015fu (Reconstruction),
\n1. Ana Altay dilinin ses \u00f6zellikleri,
\n2. Ana Altay dilinin \u015fekil (morphology) \u00f6zellikleri,
\n3. Ana Altay dilinin s\u00f6z dizimi (syntax),
\n4. Ana Altay dilinin kelimeleri (vocabulary),
\n\u2981 Ana Altay ve Altay dillerinin ilgi d\u00fczeni,
\n\u2981 Altay dillerinin ya\u015f\u0131 (chronology),
\n\u2981 Altay dilinin ana yurdu,
\n\u2981 Altay dillerinin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131,
\n\u2981 Altay dillerinin akrabal\u0131k ilgileri:
\na. Altay dilleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7lemeler,
\nb. Altay dilleri ile ba\u015fka diller aras\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7lemeler
\nba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir inceleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, pek \u00e7ok kelime \u00f6rne\u011fi verilmi\u015ftir.
\nOsman Nedim Tuna\u2019n\u0131n bu geni\u015f makalesi, Altayistik konusunda bir el kitab\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nAltayistik, d\u00fcnyada \u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015f bir dil toplulu\u011fu ile ilgili olarak yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Bu toplulu\u011fun dil sorunlar\u0131 ile ilgilenen uluslararas\u0131 bir kurulu\u015fun ad\u0131: Permenant International Altaistic Conference (PIAC) olup, merkezi ABD\u2019nin Indiana ey\u00e2letindeki Bloomington \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndedir. Kurulu\u015fun genel sekreteri Prof. Dr. Denis S\u0131nor\u2019dur. PIAC, her y\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fik bir \u00fclkede toplanmaktad\u0131r.
\nPIAC toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n onalt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 Ankara\u2019da (1973), otuzbirincisi de Ta\u015fkent\u2019te (1986) yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e, tarihi 4500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar uzanan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski ve en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan dillerinden birisidir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin tarihi devirleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\nI. \u00d6n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e (PreTurkish): Tarih \u00f6ncesi konu\u015fulan \u00d6n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, \u00d6n Altaycaya kadar uzan\u0131r. Burada \u00d6n Mo\u011folca, \u00d6n Man\u00e7uTungusca ve \u00d6n Korece (ve belki de Japonca) ile akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7uva\u015f\u00e7a ve Yakut\u00e7a adl\u0131 iki T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7esi, bilinmeyen bir devirde Ana T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden ayr\u0131larak birer leh\u00e7e h\u00fcviyetine b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir.
\n\u00d6n T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin tarihi geli\u015fimi ve dil \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131ndaki bilgiler \u00e7e\u015fitli teorilere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu konuda bilimsel fazla bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylenememektedir. Mesel\u00e2:
\nKelime ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan c, y, 0 (s\u0131f\u0131r)\u2019l\u0131 \u015fekillerdir. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Altayist ve Mongolist Nicholaus Poppe, bu konuda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir: \u201cc ile y belki de bir ana fonemin de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekilleridir.\u201d dedikten sonra, Ana Altaycada d\u2019nin Ana T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011feri \u201cY\u201d \u015fekliyle, yani c\u2019ye ka\u00e7an y\u2019nin sembol\u00fc olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu ses bir tak\u0131m T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7elerinde c h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re bu c\u2019ler, Ana T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin y foneminden de\u011fil, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya eski bulan\u0131k ya da karma\u015f\u0131k d sesinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015ftaki c sesinin Ana Altayca y sesinden t\u00fcreyenleri de vard\u0131r: Mo\u011folca: yaralca; Uygur, H\u00e2k\u00e2niye, \u00c7a\u011fatay: yaruk \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131k\u201d; K\u0131rg\u0131z: car\u0131k gibi.
\nAna Altayca d, n, c, y; Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e y denkli\u011fine g\u00f6re, Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede ve Anadolu a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda y ve 0 (s\u0131f\u0131r) olarak iki \u015fekil g\u00f6steren kelimelerde, y\u2019nin asli oldu\u011fu ve sonradan d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Mesela:
\nORHUN UYGUR ORTA T\u00dcRK\u00c7E ANADOLU A\u011eIZLARI
\nal:hile alda: aldat yaldat yar yar argula yarg\u0131 ar\u0131l: yorul ar\u0131l ar\u0131k: zay\u0131f yar\u0131k
\neyeg\u00fc: yan eyeg\u00fc: eye kemi\u011fi yega, yege: e\u011fe i\u011f\/ik: i\u011f ye\u011f: i\u011f \u2026 vb.4
\n\u0130lk T\u00fcrk kavimlerinden olan Hunlar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeleri, \u015fimdilik, elimize ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir. Tarih\u00ee bilgilerimize g\u00f6re, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fu Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n Hentey eyaletinden Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Macaristan ovalar\u0131na kadar uzanan sahalarda devlet kurmu\u015f olan Hun T\u00fcrklerinin Mo\u011folistan topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyen en \u00f6nemli kan\u0131tlar, Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n do\u011fum yeri olan Deluun Boldog mevkiine yak\u0131n, patika bir yol kenar\u0131nda bulunan \u201ckurgan\u201dlard\u0131r. Hentey (Khentii) eyaletinin Gurvan Nuur (=\u00dc\u00e7 G\u00f6l) adl\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerine yak\u0131n olan bu kurganlar, Mo\u011fol tarih\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan Hunlara atfedilmektedir (Bu kurganlar 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr).
\nYine, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mo\u011folistan topraklar\u0131nda yer alan bir T\u00fcrk \u015fehri Karakurum yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan K\u0131p\u00e7ak mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 da bu co\u011frafyada G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerden ba\u015fka T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat eden, anne taraf\u0131ndan Yakut T\u00fcrk\u00fc olan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Rus sanat tarih\u00e7isi Eleanora Novgoradova\u2019n\u0131n ar\u015fivinde bulunan ve hen\u00fcz yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f olan belgelerden Altaylardan daha do\u011fuda K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrklerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Norgoradova\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 yaylalarda \u00e7ekti\u011fi balbal ve mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrklerine ait oldu\u011fu, bizzat kendisi taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Ancak, bu belgelerin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamak isterim. B\u00f6ylece, T\u00fcrk tarihi ve dil tarihi \u00e7ok daha gerilere uzanacakt\u0131r.5
\nBu eski T\u00fcrk yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinden bulunabilecek yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler T\u00fcrk dili tarihini \u00e7ok eskilere g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilecektir. 1998 Nisan ay\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcren Orhon Vadisi ile Tonyukuk An\u0131t\u0131 civar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda bizleri yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk hazinesi bulunmu\u015ftur.
\nEski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e:
\nA) G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk\u00e7e,
\nB) Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi.
\nTarih belgeleri, VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan YeniseyOrhun An\u0131tlar\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar uzanan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk\u00e7e6, ta\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7 ve maden \u00fczerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 malzemelere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, eldeki yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerin az olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kelime hazinesi eski Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde oldu\u011fu kadar zengin de\u011fildir. Her yeni bulunan yaz\u0131l\u0131 an\u0131t, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk\u00e7enin kelime hazinesini geni\u015fletmektedir. Altaylar\u2019da yeni bulunan \u201cG\u00f6kt\u00fcrk harfli yaz\u0131tlar\u201d\u0131n dili, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk\u00e7enin ba\u015fka bir diyalekti olabilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk harfleriyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan bu belgelerin dili K\u00fcltigin (K\u00f6lTigin), Bilge Ka\u011fan ve Tonyukuk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n dilinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in okunmakta zorluk \u00e7ekilmektedir.
\nBilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131, 1729 Poltova Rus\u0130sve\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda esir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp, Orta Asya\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen \u0130sve\u00e7li subay Johann von Strahlanberg taraf\u0131ndan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yerlerinde bulunarak paftalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nceleri \u201cRunic\u201d ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lan bu an\u0131tlar\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131, T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131labilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cgizli yaz\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fka milletlerin atalar\u0131 \u00fczerine durulmu\u015ftur. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Danimarkal\u0131 T\u00fcrkolog Vilhelm Thomsen ile Prusyal\u0131 Rus bilgini Wilhelm Radloff yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n dili \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve hemen hemen ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nBug\u00fcn hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hem de Asya, Avrupa ve Amerika\u2019da pek \u00e7ok T\u00fcrkolog bu yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n dili \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, pek \u00e7ok eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelimeyi \u201cyeniden okuma\u201d tecr\u00fcbeleri yapmaktad\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de H\u00fcseyin Nam\u0131k Orkun, Muharrem Ergin, Ahmet Cafero\u011flu, Tal\u00e2t Tekin, Osman F. Sertkaya, Cengiz Akaya gibi T\u00fcrkologlar\u0131n bu konuda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eser ve makaleleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nG\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019ni y\u0131k\u0131p, yerine yeni bir devlet kuran Kara K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 takiben, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan (Tufan, Ho\u00e7o, bin Buda ma\u011faralar\u0131 civar\u0131, K\u00e2\u015fgar vb.) b\u00f6lgesinde kurulup geli\u015fen Uygur Devleti\u2019nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, (N) ve (Y) leh\u00e7elerine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup Budist metinleri ile zenginle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mesela, eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede KONY (=koyun) kelimesi (N) leh\u00e7esinde KON, (Y) leh\u00e7esinde ise KOY \u015feklinde s\u00f6ylenip yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Sibirya T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7elerinde konu\u015fulan (Y) leh\u00e7esidir. Koy soyal\u0131m demek \u201cKoyun keselim\u201d demektir.
\nEski Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin \u201crulo\u201d veya \u201csayfa\u201d ka\u011f\u0131tlar ile ipek bezler \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan belgeleri her iki leh\u00e7enin dilini ihtiva etmektedir. F\u0131r\u00e7a ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu eserler, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n i\u00e7inde Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a yap\u0131lan bilimsel ekspedisyonlar sonucunda mezar, h\u00f6y\u00fck ve ma\u011faralarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Rus, Alman, Finli T\u00fcrkologlar taraf\u0131ndan Turfan, Ho\u00e7o ve Binbuda ma\u011faralar\u0131nda bulunan bu yazmalar Avrupa\u2019ya getirilmi\u015f, Almanya\u2019ya getirilenler \u00f6nceleri \u201cT\u00fcrkische TurfanTexte\u201d ad\u0131 ile; II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Almanya ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcnce, belgelerin bulundu\u011fu Humbolt \u00dcniversitesi Do\u011fu Berlin\u2019de kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cBerliner TurfanTexte\u201d ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nEski Uygur belgelerinin dili \u00fczerine Alman, Frans\u0131z, Rus, Japon ve T\u00fcrk dilleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, yazmalar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.7
\nT\u00fcrklerin bu tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde \u201ctek Tarn\u0131l\u0131 inan\u0131\u015f\u201dtan Budizm, Manihaizm, Nasturilik gibi \u201c\u00f6\u011fretiler\u201de y\u00f6nelmeleri sonucunda Mani ve S\u00fcryani alfabeleri ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eserleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Daha sonralar\u0131, farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ve Musevilik (Ahdi Atik) gibi ilahi dinlere inanan T\u00fcrk kavimleri, 921 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Karahanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Satuk Bu\u011fra Han zaman\u0131nda 300 bin \u00e7ad\u0131rl\u0131k bir toplulukla \u0130slamiyeti kabul etmi\u015flerdir. B\u00f6ylece 220 y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00f6r d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrk milletinin dini inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve hayat felsefesi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, ortaya T\u00fcrk\u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan eserler konulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n1069 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u201cDiv\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2t\u2019tT\u00fcrk\u201d (Haz\u00e2 Kit\u00e2b\u0131 Div\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2t elT\u00fcrk) (DLT)8 adl\u0131 eser T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin ilk ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u201cs\u00f6zl\u00fck\u201d\u00fc ve \u201cansiklopedi\u201dsidir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Arap\u00e7adan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan bu eserde O\u011fuz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinden ba\u015fka, T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Karluk, Kangl\u0131, K\u0131p\u00e7ak, Tatar, Y\u0131va, \u00c7i\u011fil vb. T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelimelerden \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Anadolu a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan DLT T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi etimolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.
\nAyn\u0131 y\u0131llarda Balasagunlu Yusuf Has Hacib taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen \u201cKutadgu Bilig\u201d (KB) (=Mutluluk veren bilgi) adl\u0131 \u201cmesnev\u00ee\u201d tarz\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan eser, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin en b\u00fcy\u00fck eserlerindendir. Bir siyasetn\u00e2me ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bir nasihatn\u00e2me olan bu eserin, \u015fimdilik \u00fc\u00e7 yazma n\u00fcshas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r: Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Fergana ve M\u0131s\u0131r n\u00fcshalar\u0131 ile Uygur harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Viyana n\u00fcshas\u0131d\u0131r. Fergana n\u00fcshas\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Zeki Velidi Togan taraf\u0131ndan Fergana\u2019da bulunmu\u015f; Viyana n\u00fcshas\u0131 da Alman tarih\u00e7i von Hammer taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019dan sat\u0131n al\u0131narak Avusturya\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nDLT Besim Atalay taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu (TDK) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (4 cilt). KB de Re\u015fid Rahmeti Arat taraf\u0131ndan Latin harfleriyle transkripsiyonu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, buradan T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve indekss\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserin t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131mlar\u0131 ve metni TDK, terc\u00fcmesi T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu (TTK), indeksi de T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (TKAE) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nKarahanl\u0131lardan sonra ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyada devlet kuran Harzem\u015fahlar (Harezmliler) Devleti zaman\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli eser \u201cNehc\u00fcl\u2019lFer\u00e2dis\u201dtir.9 Harekeli olarak yaz\u0131lan eserin dili kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u00f6zelliktedir. Macar T\u00fcrkolu\u011fu J\u00e2nos Eckmann taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan transkripsiyonlu metin TDK taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.10
\nT\u00fcrk dilinin T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki (bug\u00fcn yanl\u0131\u015f ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak Orta Asya denmektedir) ser\u00fcveni \u00c7a\u011fatay Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131yla devam etmi\u015ftir. Ali \u015eir Nev\u00e2i, Bab\u00fcr \u015eah, H\u00fcseyin Baykara, Eb\u00fclg\u00e2zi Bahad\u0131r Han gibi edib ve devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n eserleriyle en m\u00fckemmel \u00f6rneklerini veren \u00c7a\u011fatayca, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00d6zbek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ali Sir Nev\u00e2i\u2019nin div\u00e2nlar\u0131, hamseleri ve \u201cMuh\u00e2ket\u00fc\u2019lLugateyn\u201d gibi bir s\u00f6zl\u00fck eseri bulunmaktad\u0131r ki, bu eserler T\u00fcrk dilinin an\u0131t eserleridir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu eserler TDK taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da yay\u0131nlanmak \u00fczere bilim adamlar\u0131na \u0131smarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baykara\u2019n\u0131n div\u00e2n\u0131, Bab\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn \u201cHat\u0131r\u00e2t\u201d\u0131, Bahad\u0131rhan\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u015eecerei T\u00fcrk\u201d ve \u201c\u015eecerei Ter\u00e2kime\u201d adl\u0131 eserleri bu d\u00f6nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck eserleridir.11
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Anadolu\u2019da konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 XI. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00f6ncelere uzan\u0131r. 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi\u2019nden en az 34 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce Anadolu\u2019ya KumanK\u0131p\u00e7ak12 ve Pe\u00e7enek T\u00fcrklerinin paral\u0131 asker olarak getirildikleri, bunlar\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc TunceliDiyarbak\u0131r hatt\u0131nda Bizans Devleti\u2019ni Arap ve Pers ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Daha sonralar\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden Kafkasya yolu ile Anadolu\u2019ya giren Saka T\u00fcrklerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck boyu Partlar\u0131n da Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesini yurt tuttuklar\u0131 tarihi bir ger\u00e7ektir. Baz\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler, K\u0131r\u0131m ve De\u015fti K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u2019ta ya\u015fayan Kimmerlerin de Anadolu\u2019ya gelmi\u015f olabileceklerini yazmaktad\u0131rlar. Bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ya\u015fayan ve K\u00fcrman\u00e7 a\u011fz\u0131 konu\u015fan T\u00fcrklerin atalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc KumanK\u0131p\u00e7ak ve Pe\u00e7enek, Zaza a\u011fz\u0131 konu\u015fanlar\u0131n atalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de Part T\u00fcrkleridir. Taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan yap\u0131lan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve \u201cK\u00fcrt\u00e7enin Etimolojik S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d (Ankara 1994 TTK Bas\u0131mevi) ile \u201cDo\u011fu Anadolu Osmanl\u0131cas\u0131Etimolojik S\u00f6zl\u00fck Denemesi\u201d (Ankara 1986, TKAE yay\u0131n\u0131) adl\u0131 eserlerle bu konu bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n dikkatine sunulmu\u015ftur.
\n1041 y\u0131l\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye topraklar\u0131na girerek Bay\u0131rBucak (HamaHumus) b\u00f6lgesinde yurt tutan 24 O\u011fuz boyundan Y\u0131va T\u00fcrkleri, yaz\u0131n Anadolu\u2019nun Bazok yaylalar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek bu y\u00f6relerin T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini ve y\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n1071\u2019den sonra Anadolu\u2019ya ak\u0131n ak\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131, bu yeni topraklarda yeni bir edebiyat dili geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Hem eski Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin iml\u00e2 gelene\u011fini ya\u015fatan hem de birbirleriyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kelime hazinesi ve dil \u00f6zellikleri geli\u015fen T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 XI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk eserlerini vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u201cBeh\u00e7et\u00fc\u2019lHad\u00e2\u2019ik fi mev\u2019izet\u00fc\u2019lHal\u00e2\u2019ik\u201d adl\u0131 eser ile \u00c2li adl\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk yazar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cK\u0131ssai Y\u00fbsuf\u201d adl\u0131 eseri eski Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin en m\u00fckemmel eserleridir.
\nEski Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin XIIXV. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda geli\u015fip say\u0131s\u0131z eserler verildi\u011fini biliyoruz.13 Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2, o\u011flu, Sultan Veled, Yunus Emre Ahmet Fakih, Hoca Dehh\u00e2n\u00ee Ahmed\u00ee, Ahmedi D\u00e2i, \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fa bu d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f isimlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nXIIXV. y\u00fczy\u0131llar eski Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin geli\u015fti\u011fi ve div\u00e2n, mesnevi, t\u0131p (t\u0131bb\u0131 Nebev\u00ee ve baytarn\u00e2meler), tarih, felsefe ve m\u00fcsbet bilim dallar\u0131nda eserlerin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerdir. Bu d\u00f6nemler aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin b\u00fcnyesinde de de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015f, \u00fcnl\u00fclerde yuvarlakla\u015fma ya da d\u00fczle\u015fme ve \u00fcns\u00fczlerde de\u011fi\u015fmeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arap harfli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e metinlerde farkl\u0131 iml\u00e2lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi de bu d\u00f6nemlerdedir. Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7an\u0131n etkisi fazla olmamakla birlikte, bu iki dilin iml\u00e2 \u00f6zelliklerinin baz\u0131 eserlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi bu devirdedir. Mesel\u00e2: iki kelimesi normal T\u00fcrk\u00e7e imlaya g\u00f6re (elif+ye+kef+ye) ile yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken, (elif+kef+ye) veya (elif+esre+kef+esre) yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 (bkz. Germiyano\u011flu II. Yakup Bey\u2019in Ta\u015f Vakfiyesi) pek \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelimede, Arap iml\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine uygun olarak (a, \u0131\/i, o\/\u00f6, u\/\u00fc) \u00fcnl\u00fclerin yaz\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hatt\u00e2, kal\u0131pla\u015fm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a kelimelerde de farkl\u0131 iml\u00e2lar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nXVIXIX. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da geli\u015fen T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a kelime ve terkiplerin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Pek \u00e7ok edeb\u00ee metinde zincirleme Fars\u00e7a tamlamalar bulunmas\u0131, Arap\u00e7a \u201churufu \u015femsiyye\u201d ve \u201churufu kameriyye\u201dli terkiplerin yer almas\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin aleyhine olmu\u015ftur. Klasik Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminin Fuz\u00fbl\u00ee, B\u00e2ki, Nedim, \u015eeyh G\u00e2lip, Ahmet Pa\u015fa, \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fa, Nef\u2019i, Evliy\u00e2 \u00c7elebi, K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi gibi div\u00e2n sahibi \u015f\u00e2ir, seyahatn\u00e2me ve bilim eseri yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n eserleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r.14
\nYine bu d\u00f6nemlerde eser veren halk ozanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n eseri de tarih\u00ee birer kaynakt\u0131r. Karacao\u011flan, Dadalo\u011flu, Seyran\u00ee ve daha pek \u00e7ok saz \u015f\u00e2irlerinin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, O\u011fuz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin zenginli\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.15
\nT\u00fcrk sosyal hayat\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemin N\u00e2m\u0131k Kem\u00e2l, Ziya Pa\u015fa, \u015ein\u00e2si, Abd\u00fclhak H\u00e2mid (Tarhan), Tevfik Fikret, Muallim N\u00e2ci vb. gibi \u015fahsiyetleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Roman, hik\u00e2ye, \u015fiir, tiyatro ve tenkid alanlar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan y\u00fczlerce eser, T\u00fcrk dilinin zengin \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir.16
\nTanzimat ile hemen hemen ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda Anadolu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda da olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler olmu\u015f, Kazan ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar, T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 dil ve fikir y\u00f6n\u00fcnden birle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 T\u00fcrk \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131, \u201cDilde, fikirde, i\u015fte birlik!\u201d slogan\u0131 ile \u201cTerc\u00fcman\u201d gazetesini \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, Yusuf Ak\u00e7ora, Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, Mehmet Emin Resulz\u00e2de, Mirza Bala Mehmetz\u00e2de, F\u00e2tih Kerimi gibi K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131, Kazanl\u0131, Azerbaycanl\u0131 fikir ve edebiyat adam\u0131 \u015fahsiyetler T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.
\nII. D\u00fcnya Harbi ve hemen arkas\u0131ndan Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, Anadolu T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda kesintiye sebep olmu\u015fsa da, kurtulu\u015fu takib eden y\u0131llarda Halide Edip Ad\u0131var, H\u00fcseyin Rahmi G\u00fcrp\u0131nar, H\u00e2lid Ziy\u00e2 U\u015fakl\u0131gil, Ziy\u00e2 G\u00f6kalp, Mehmet Emin Yurdakul gibi romanc\u0131 ve \u015f\u00e2irlerimiz, Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlatan eserler vermi\u015fler ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi en g\u00fczel \u015fekliyle kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Cumhuriyetin hen\u00fcz yirminci y\u0131llar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan eserlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelimelerin \u00e7oklu\u011fu dilde sadele\u015fmenin i\u015faretleri olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nder Atat\u00fcrk taraf\u0131ndan 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u201cT\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu\u201d (eski ad\u0131yla, T\u00fcrk Dili Tedkik Cemiyeti), T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin i\u015flenmesi ve zenginle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuruldu\u011fu tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar uzanan 65 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bu kurumun T\u00fcrk diline hizmeti ink\u00e2r edilemez. Kurumun bug\u00fcn 500\u2019e yak\u0131n bilimsel yay\u0131n\u0131 ile \u201cT\u00fcrk Dili\u201d adl\u0131 ayl\u0131k dergisi ve \u201cT\u00fcrk Dili Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131Belleten\u201d adl\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k bilimsel dergisi T\u00fcrkolojinin temel kaynaklar\u0131ndand\u0131r.
\nTDK\u2019nun \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan birisi de Anadolu a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kelime hazinesi i\u00e7inde alan \u201cDerleme S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201dd\u00fcr. \u015eimdilik 11 cilt olan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck derleme eserin \u201cKavramlar S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn ilk 3 cildi de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6teki s\u00f6zl\u00fck t\u00fcr\u00fc eser \u201cTarama S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d adl\u0131 olup, 8 cilttir. XIXV. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f se\u00e7me eserlerden taranan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelimeleri i\u00e7ine alan bu eserin daha geni\u015fi \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Tarihsel S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ad\u0131 hen\u00fcz haz\u0131rl\u0131k safhas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck projede XIXI. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131da Anadolu sahas\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f divan, t\u0131bb\u0131 Nebevi, baytarn\u00e2me, mesnevi vb. t\u00fcr\u00fc eserler konunun uzmanlar\u0131nca kelime kelime taran\u0131p fi\u015flenmekte; her kelimenin \u00e7e\u015fitli anlamlar\u0131 bulunarak kaydedilmektedir. Yirmi y\u0131ldan beri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen bu projenin daha 5 y\u0131l kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Eser tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, XIXV. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131 Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde kullan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a, Mo\u011folca ve ba\u015fka dillerden T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 olarak girmi\u015f kelimeler, deyimler, terimler, ata s\u00f6zleri, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a terkipler, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e tamlamalar iml\u00e2 \u00f6zellikleri ile birlikte bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine sunulacakt\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk dilinin T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki (T\u00fcrkmenistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n Kerey Kazaklar\u0131) geli\u015fmesi \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar takip edilememi\u015f, bu T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin Ruslarca assimile edilmeye ve dillerinin unutturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 70 y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin esareti alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan 150 milyondan fazla T\u00fcrk insan\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn maddi ve manevi bask\u0131lara ra\u011fmen dillerini, tarihlerini, t\u00f6relerini unutmam\u0131\u015flar; kendi \u015five ve leh\u00e7elerinde eserler vermeye devam etmi\u015flerdir.
\n1986 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc birlik ve beraberlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, her y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lan \u201cT\u00fcrk Devlet ve Topluluklar\u0131 Dostluk, Karde\u015flik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Kurultay\u0131\u201d ile per\u00e7inlenmekte, bu kurultaylarda olu\u015fturulan, \u201cE\u011fitim\u00d6\u011fretim\u201d, \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201d, \u201cBilimTeknoloji\u201d gibi komisyonlarda \u201cortak dil, alfabe, yaz\u0131 dili, genel T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u201d meseleleri ile al\u0131n\u0131p, sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 1996\u2019ya kadar yap\u0131lan kurultaylar ile karma komisyonlar\u0131n sonucunda alfabe sorunu hemen hemen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f gibidir. Azerbaycan, K\u0131r\u0131m ve Gagauz T\u00fcrkleri Latin alfabesini kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkmen, \u00d6zbek, K\u0131rg\u0131z ve Kazak T\u00fcrkleri de Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7i\u015fi h\u0131zland\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar. Ortak \u00fcst dil, ortak e\u011fitim gibi sorunlar da en k\u0131sa zamanda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecektir.
\nY\u0131llard\u0131r \u00f6zlemi \u00e7ekilen \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Yazarlar Kurultay\u0131\u201d birka\u00e7 defa toplanm\u0131\u015f ve ortak kararlar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 romanc\u0131 Cengiz Da\u011fc\u0131 ile K\u0131rg\u0131z romanc\u0131 Cengiz Aytmatof\u2019un eserleri art\u0131k T\u00fcrk okuyucular taraf\u0131ndan okunmakta; T\u00fcrkmen, Azeri, K\u0131rg\u0131z, Kazak, Uygur, Gagauz, Ba\u015fkurt, \u00c7avu\u015f, Yakut, Altay, \u015eor T\u00fcrklerinin s\u00f6zl\u00fckleri Anadolu insan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Gagauz, Kumuk, K\u0131r\u0131mTatar, Ka\u015fkay (\u0130ran\u2019da), Azeri, G\u00fcney Azeri, Ba\u015fkurt, Yakut T\u00fcrklerinin gramerleri T\u00fcrk bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6teki T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7elerinin gramer ve s\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da bilimsel olarak \u00fcniversitelerimizde haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r.
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck K\u0131rg\u0131z destan\u0131, 500 bin m\u0131sral\u0131k M\u00e2n\u00e2s\u2019\u0131n Radloff varyant\u0131 ne\u015fredilmi\u015f, 1995 ve 1996 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u201cManas\u201d ad\u0131na kongreler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00e2n\u00e2s ile ilgili \u00e7eviri ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.
\nBirincisi 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bak\u00fb\u2019da yap\u0131lan Sovyet T\u00fcrk Kollokyumu\u2019nda \u201cDede Korkut\u201d ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu eserin \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kollokyumda sunulan T\u00fcrk heyeti bildirileri TDK taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBunu takiben ikincisi Elaz\u0131\u011f F\u0131rat \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc Kazakistan Alma Ata\u2019da, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc Konya Sel\u00e7uklu \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde yap\u0131lan bu kollokyumlar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ikili k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin yeni S\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devaml\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmekte, eski s\u00f6zl\u00fck madde ba\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geni\u015fletilmektedir. Son bask\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fck ortaya konuldu\u011funda, T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin kelime hazinesinde \u00f6nemli say\u0131da art\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r (madde ba\u015f\u0131 100 bin kelime). \u201c\u0130ml\u00e2 K\u0131lavuzu\u2019da 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan TDKBilim Kurulu toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda geni\u015f olarak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, her sorun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131larak ortaya yepyeni bir k\u0131lavuz \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de\u011fil, \u00f6teki T\u00fcrk \u00fclkeleri ile Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.
\n1 Bu konuda bk. T. G\u00fclensoy, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e El Kitab\u0131, Ankara 2000, s. 6877: AltayistikMongolistik ve T\u00fcrkoloji.
\n2 Altayistikle ilgili olarak: A. Temir, O. N. Tuna ve T. G\u00fclensoy\u2019un bilimsel makale ve tebli\u011fleri vard\u0131r.
\n3 Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Mongolist ve Altayist N. Poppe\u2019nin konu ile ilgili bir eseri Z. Kaymaz taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Altay Dillerinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Grameri, I. k\u0131s\u0131m: Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Ses Bilgisi, \u0130stanbul 1994. Ayr\u0131ca bk. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e El Kitab\u0131, s. 7885.
\n4 Altay dillerindeki kelime ba\u015f\u0131 *p, *t ve *k \u00fcns\u00fczleri i\u00e7in bk. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e El Kitab\u0131, s. 7075.
\n5 E. Novgoradova\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir eseri \u015fudur: Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk Eserleri, Leipzig 1983. (Almanca)
\na. \u00c7oyren (veya \u00c7oyron) yaz\u0131t\u0131: T\u00fcrk dilinin tarihi bilinen en eski belgesidir. (M.S. 687692). K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk i\u015faretli alt\u0131 sat\u0131rdan ibarettir. Bu konuda bk. S. G. Klya\u015ftorn\u0131y, \u201cRu\u00e7ineska nadpis\u2019 iz Vastognoy Gobi\u201d, Studia Turcica, Badapest, 1971, s. 249258.
\nb. Orhun Abideleri:
\n\u2981 Bilge Tonyukuk kitabesi: (MS. 716, 2 ta\u015f h\u00e2linde)
\n\u2981 K\u00fcltigin kit\u00e2besi: (M.S. 732)
\n\u2981 Bilge Ka\u011fan kit\u00e2besi: (M.S. 735) Bu eserler i\u00e7in bk.
\nInseniptions de l\u2019Orkhon, Helsingfous 1892
\nW. Radloff, Atlas der Altert\u00fcmer der Mongolei, Petersug 18921899 (1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda TDK taraf\u0131ndan toplu olarak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)
\nV. Thomsen, Dechifferement des inceriptions de l\u2019Orkhon et de l\u2019Ienissei notice Preliminaire, BARD 1893, s. 285299
\nV. Thomsen, \u201cMo\u011folistan\u2019daki Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Kit\u00e2beler\u201d, T\u00fcrkiyat Mecmuas\u0131, III, s. 81118, \u0130stanbul, 192633 (Terc\u00fcme eden? R. H. \u00d6zden)
\nH. N. Orkun, Eski T\u00fcrk Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131: I. \u0130stanbul 1936; II. (1939); III. (1940); IV. (1941), (Bu d\u00f6rt cilt 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda TDK taraf\u0131ndan tek cilt h\u00e2linde yeniden yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)
\nc) Yenisey Metinleri: Orhun \u00e2bidelerinden \u00f6nce, K\u0131rg\u0131zlara ait mezar ta\u015flar\u0131ndan ibaret olan ve tek t\u00fck kelimelerle isimleri ihtiva eden bu yaz\u0131tlar, 1721 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitki bilimci Messerschimdt taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur.
\nbk. D. D. Vasilyev, Korpus Tyurskih Rumiceskih Panyatnikov BasseyYeniseya, Leningrad 1983. (Bu eserde 186 Yenisey metninin yeniden kurulu\u015fu, i\u015faretlerin transkiripsiyonu, bibliyografya ve konuyla ilgili bilgi bulunur.)
\n7 Bu konuda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli eserler:
\n\u2981 W. BangA. von Gabain, T\u00fcrkische TurfanTexte II., Berlin 1929.
\n\u2981 J. P. Asmussen, \u201cXuastvanift\u201d Studies in Manicheism, Copenhagen 1965.
\n\u2981 A. von Le Coq, Huastvanift (\u00c7ev.: S. Himvan), TDK, Ankara 1941.
\n\u2981 F. W. K. M\u00fcller, Uigurica I., Berlin 1908, s. 210 (Yacokus \u0130ncili\u2019nin terc\u00fcmesi verilir).
\nFazla bilgi i\u00e7in bk. T. G\u00fclensoy, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e El Kitab\u0131, Ankara 2000, s. 101110. (\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ilgili geni\u015f bibliyografya vard\u0131r.)
\n8 TDK taraf\u0131ndan 4 cilt h\u00e2linde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Ankara 1941 Terc\u00fcme: B. Atalay)
\n9 O. N. Tuna, A. F. Karamanl\u0131o\u011flu, A. Cafero\u011flu gibi dilciler de Nehc\u00fc\u2019lFer\u00e2dis \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n\u2981 A. F. Karamanl\u0131o\u011flu, \u201cNehc\u00fc\u2019lFer\u00e2dis\u2019in Dil Hususiyetleri\u201d, T\u00fcrk Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 Dergisi, Say\u0131: 1617, 1819.
\n\u2981 D. N. Tuna, Studies on Nahju\u2019lFer\u00e2dis: A method for Turkic Historical dialectology, University of Washington 1968.
\n10 H\u00e2rezm T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin \u00f6teki eserleri:
\n\u2981 Mi\u2019racn\u00e2me
\n\u2981 Muin\u00fc\u2019lm\u00fcrid
\n\u2981 Muhabbetn\u00e2me
\n\u2981 Rabguz\u00ee, K\u0131sas\u00fc\u2019lEnbiy\u00e2
\n\u2981 \u0130r\u015f\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019lM\u00fcl\u00fbk ve\u2019sSel\u00e2t\u00een
\n\u2981 Kit\u00e2bu fi\u2019lF\u0131kh bi Lis\u00e2ni\u2019lT\u00fcrk\u00ee
\n\u2981 Kit\u00e2bu Mukaddimei Ebul\u2019Leyi\u2019s, Semerkand\u00ee
\n\u2981 K\u0131ssai Y\u00fbsuf
\n\u2981 C\u00fcnc\u00fcmen\u00e2me
\n\u2981 Kutb, H\u00fcsrev \u00fc \u015e\u00eer\u00een
\n\u2981 Kit\u00e2b G\u00fclist\u00e2n Bi\u2019tT\u00fcrk\u00ee (G\u00fclistan terc\u00fcmesi)
\n\u2981 Kit\u00e2b fi \u0130lmi\u2019nn\u00fc\u015f\u015f\u00e2b
\n\u2981 Kitab fi riy\u00e2z\u00e2t\u0131\u2019lhayl
\n* Genel bilgi i\u00e7in bk. T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 El Kitab\u0131, C. III, Ankara 1998, s. 8998; T\u00fcrk\u00e7e El Kitab\u0131, Ankara 2000, s. 110117.
\n11 \u00c7a\u011fatayca hakk\u0131nda genel bilgi i\u00e7in bk.: J. Eckman, \u00c7a\u011fatayca El Kitab\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1988. \u00c7a\u011fataycan\u0131n k\u0131sa bibliyografyas\u0131 i\u00e7in bk. T. G\u00fclensoy, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e El Kitab\u0131, s. 138146.
\n12 K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi:
\na) Alt\u0131nordu K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u00e7as\u0131
\nb) Meml\u00fbk Kap\u00e7ak\u00e7as\u0131
\nc) Ermeni K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u00e7as\u0131 olmak \u00fczere s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\nGeni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bk. A. F. Karamanl\u0131o\u011flu, \u201cK\u0131p\u00e7aklar ve K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u201d, TDED XII, \u0130stanbul 1963, s. 175184.
\nT. G\u00fclensoy, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e El Kitab\u0131, s. 119136.
\n13 Geni\u015f bilgi ve bibliyografya i\u00e7in bk.
\n\u2981 T. G\u00fclensoy, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e El Kitab\u0131, s. 142119.
\n\u2981 M. Mansuro\u011flu, \u201cAnadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130lk Mahsulleri\u201d, TDED I\/1 (\u0130stanbul 1946), s. 917.
\n, Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 Dilinin Ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve Geli\u015fmesi\u201d, TDED IV\/3 (\u0130stanbul 1951), s. 215229.
\n\u2981 R. R. Arat, \u201cAnadolu yaz\u0131 Dilinin tarihi \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131na d\u00e2ir\u201d, V. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kongresi, Ankara 1960, s. 225232.
\n* Z. Korkmaz, \u201cSel\u00e7uklular T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin Genel Yap\u0131s\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrk Dili Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131Belleten, 1952, s. 1737.
\n14 XVIXIX. y\u00fczy\u0131llar D\u00eev\u00e2n Edebiyat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bk.: T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 El Kitab\u0131, c. III, Ankara 1998, s. 169297.
\n15 Halk \u015fiiri ve halk edebiyat\u0131na toplu bir bak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in: (\u015e. El\u00e7in) T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 El Kitab\u0131, s. 295304.
\n1. Tanzimat Devri T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131
\n2. Serveti F\u00fcn\u00fbn Edebiyat\u0131
\n3. Serveti F\u00fcn\u00fbn D\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131
\n4. II. Me\u015frutiyet D\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131
\n5. Cumhuriyet Devri T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri (s. 495719). \u201e
\n—
\nAllah nasip, k\u0131smet ederse\u2026
\n\u00d6lmez, kal\u0131rsam, \u00e7ar\u015fambadan itibaren devam!<\/p>\n
\n—<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"